Usage of Network Simulators in Machine-Learning-Assisted 5G/6G Networks

Without any doubt, Machine Learning (ML) will be an important driver of future communications due to its foreseen performance when applied to complex problems. However, the application of ML to networking systems raises concerns among network operators and other stakeholders, especially regarding trustworthiness and reliability. In this paper, we devise the role of network simulators for bridging the gap between ML and communications systems. In particular, we present an architectural integration of simulators in ML-aware networks for training, testing, and validating ML models before being applied to the operative network. Moreover, we provide insights on the main challenges resulting from this integration, and then give hints discussing how they can be overcome. Finally, we illustrate the integration of network simulators into ML-assisted communications through a proof-of-concept testbed implementation of a residential Wi-Fi network

Synthesis of diheteroarylmethanes from activated nitriles

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Encapsulation of Lornoxicam into spermaceti microspheres and comparative bioavailability study

In this study, Lornoxicam (LX) loaded spermaceti (SC) microspheres were prepared using meltable emulsified dispersion cooling induced solidification technique and the bioavailability of the marketed product (Flexispaz® capsule-reference-product A) was compared with the optimized formulation (lornoxicam loaded spermaceti microspheres–test–product B). Morphological studies of wax microspheres were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images showed the spherical shape of wax microspheres and more than 97% of the isolated microspheres were in the size range 309-317 μm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and stability studies showed that the drug after encapsulation with SC microspheres was stable and compatible. A single dose, randomized, complete cross over study of LX (8mg) microspheres were carried out on 10 healthy male and female Albino sheep’s under fasting conditions. Plasma LX concentrations and other pharmacokinetic parameters obtained were statistically analyzed. Based on this study, it can be concluded that drug loaded LX microspheres and Flexispaz® capsule are bioequivalent in term of the rate and extent of absorption.Key words: Lornoxicam; Wax microspheres; Release kinetics; Bioavailability; Bioequivalence

A study of complementary feeding practices among higher educated mothers in north-western part of Rajasthan

Background: Infants and young children are at an increased risk of malnutrition from 6 months of age onward when breast milkalone is no longer sufficient to meet all their nutritional requirements and complementary feeding should be started. Objective: Thisstudy was undertaken to assess the practices of complementary feeding and knowledge of infant milk substitute (IMS) act in highereducated mothers. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in a medicalcollege of Rajasthan from January to December 2015. Totally, 300 mothers with graduate/post-graduate degree whose children werebetween 9 and 15 months of age,were included in the study. All the mothers were interviewed as per the standardized pro formaregarding the complementary feeding practices. Results: Maximum numbers of mothers were homemakers (67.3%) as comparedto employed (32.7%). In the present study, 38.98% mothers practiced exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months of age, and 69.49%infants were exclusive breastfed till 4 months of age. Out of total 300 mothers, 116 (38.6%) introduced complementary feed before6 months of age while 142 (47.3%) introduced at 6 months of age. 140 (46.6%) educated mothers started complementary feedingwith homemade preparations while 115 (38.4%) started with market preparations. 33 (39.2%) mothers stopped breastfeeding at6-9 months of age, and 33 (39.2%) mothers stopped breast feeding between 10 and 12+ months of age. A significant portion274 (91.3%) of educated mothers did not have knowledge of IMS act. Conclusion: In the present study, majority of the mothersconsidered milk supplementation as complementary feeding and employed mothers preferred market preparations. Knowledgeregarding IMS act was not satisfactory

A summation-integral type modification of Szasz-Mirakjan-Stancu operators

In this paper we introduce a summation-integral type modification of Szasz-Mirakjan-Stancu operators. Calculation of moments, density theorem, a direct result and a Voronovskaja-type result are obtained for the operators

Towards autonomous open radio access networks

In this paper we give an overview of an open disaggregated network architecture based on an Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN), including the current work from standards bodies and industry bodies in this area. Based on this architecture, a framework for the automation of xApp development and deployment is proposed. This is then aligned with the key concepts described in ITU-T in terms of the evolution, experimentation, and adaptation of controllers. The various steps in such an aligned workflow, including design, validation, and deployment of xApps, are discussed, and use case examples are provided to illustrate further our position regarding the mechanisms needed to achieve automation

Encapsulation of Lornoxicam into spermaceti microspheres and comparative bioavailability study

In this study, Lornoxicam (LX) loaded spermaceti (SC) microspheres were prepared using meltable emulsified dispersion cooling induced solidification technique and the bioavailability of the marketed product (Flexispaz® capsule-reference-product A) was compared with the optimized formulation (lornoxicam loaded spermaceti microspheres–test–product B). Morphological studies of wax microspheres were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images showed the spherical shape of wax microspheres and more than 97% of the isolated microspheres were in the size range 309-317 μm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and stability studies showed that the drug after encapsulation with SC microspheres was stable and compatible. A single dose, randomized, complete cross over study of LX (8mg) microspheres were carried out on 10 healthy male and female Albino sheep’s under fasting conditions. Plasma LX concentrations and other pharmacokinetic parameters obtained were statistically analyzed. Based on this study, it can be concluded that drug loaded LX microspheres and Flexispaz® capsule are bioequivalent in term of the rate and extent of absorption.Key words: Lornoxicam; Wax microspheres; Release kinetics; Bioavailability; Bioequivalence

Advancement of High–k ZrO2 for Potential Applications: A Review

Versatile zirconium oxide as a ceramic has propelled a rapid development of science and technology for diverse applications. Among the class of ceramics it holds a distinctive position due to its excellent physical, chemical and mechanical properties owing to its phase transformation. Zirconia is high k- dielectric, mechanical resistance and high radiation tolerance material. Although, this material replace SiO2 due to its higher dielecotric constant so it can be employed to various memory device applications. It has essential implications in nuclear reactors, inert matrix fuel, nuclear waste systems, container for radioactive materials and designing of new materials owing to its high radiation tolerance property. Dentists proclaim zirconium oxide “ceramic steel” where it has attracted prosthetic dentistry because of its strength and esthetics are admired. Addition of few percentages of stabilizers such as Y2O3, MgO and Ni etc. make it useful for specific applications. Zirconium oxide ceramic is indispensably used as an electrode and electrolyte in energy efficient solid state electrochemical devices (fuel cells) that generates electricity with good efficiency from natural gas and fuel cell plants and provides auxiliary power in vehicles. One of its important phase transformation mechanism is being focused and extensively reviewed due to the effect of temperature variation and ion beam irradiation effect.The objective of current review is to present the knowledge of extensive properties, synthesis techniques and its various implicationsand guidelines for optical, medical, fuel cells, biological and electrical and memory devices and nuclear applications. The advantages of zirconia with respect to other oxide materials are also reviewed

Network Digital Twin: Context, Enabling Technologies and Opportunities

The proliferation of emergent network applications (e.g., telesurgery, metaverse) is increasing the difficulty of managing modern communication networks. These applications entail stringent network requirements (e.g., ultra-low deterministic latency), which hinders network operators to manage their resources efficiently. In this article, we introduce the network digital twin (NDT), a renovated concept of classical network modeling tools whose goal is to build accurate data-driven network models that can operate in real-time. We describe the general architecture of the NDT and argue that modern machine learning (ML) technologies enable building some of its core components. Then, we present a case study that leverages a ML-based NDT for network performance evaluation and apply it to routing optimization in a QoS-aware use case. Lastly, we describe some key open challenges and research opportunities yet to be explored to achieve effective deployment of NDTs in real-world networks.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2201.0114